Since the publication of the Vatican Congregation for the Clergy's "The Gift of the Priestly Vocation"
a few weeks ago, most commentators have noted that the document
reaffirms a 2005 ban on the ordination of gay men. Yet Fr. Louis Cameli, a priest in Chicago, wrote an article in L'Osservatore Romano, the Vatican newspaper, on Dec. 18 in which he says the Vatican document does not issue a blanket ban on gay men being ordained.
In his article, which can be found in an English translation here, Cameli says he believes that the text's language is nuanced and needs interpretation. I believe the problem with the Vatican document is that the language is not nuanced, but sloppy, and thus, dangerous.
The problem is not one of subtlety: The authors use terms that are incorrect or that have vague definitions.
For Cameli, the key language from the 2005 document, which is quoted in this latest text, reads:
The Church, while profoundly respecting the persons in question ["persons with homosexual tendencies"], cannot admit to the seminary or to holy orders those who practice homosexuality, present deep-seated homosexual tendencies or support the so-called "gay culture." Such persons find themselves in a situation that gravely hinders them from relating correctly to men and women. One must in no way overlook the negative consequences that can derive from the ordination of deep-seated homosexual tendencies."Cameli argues that of the three criteria mentioned — practicing homosexuality, possessing deep-seated homosexual tendencies, supporting "gay culture" — the first and third are clear-cut, with the second one needing some deeper interpretation.
As for the first, Cameli notes that since celibacy is required of priests, sexual activity is not permitted.
But the text does not speak of sexual activity but of men who "practice homosexuality."
What does it mean to "practice homosexuality"? Obviously, the Vatican and Cameli are using this term to mean sexual activity. They do not realize that "homosexuality" refers to many more characteristics than sexual activity.
"Homosexuality" also refers to one's sexual orientation, regardless of whether one acts sexually. Sexuality, whether heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual, refers to a variety of factors in a person: emotions, desires, fantasies, interactions, as well as physical actions.
Being homosexual also involves a large number of social stigmas and pressures to be overcome.
So, when is a person considered to be "practicing" homosexuality? The Vatican document takes this broad term and gives it a narrow definition of referring to sexual activity.
As for supporting "gay culture," Cameli interprets this phrase to mean "an environment and a movement that advocates moral stances at variance with Church teaching."
But this definition is not explicit in the document and does not conform to the way that ordinary people understand "supporting 'gay culture.' "
The mere fact that the Vatican document puts "gay culture" in quotation marks indicates their negative evaluation of the concept.
In fact, gay culture has a lot in common with church teaching: the values of being true to oneself, of being courageous, of listening to the voice of God within a person, of loving and living as a full human being, and many more aspects. In such instances, church leaders should definitely want priests to support gay culture.
The question of what "support" of gay culture entails is also problematic. When a pastoral minister reaches out to a gay person, is that support of gay culture? When a person supports the equality of an LGBT person before the law, is that grounds to deny a person admission to seminary? If a person speaks out against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth being bullied, would that prevent this person from being ordained?
The Vatican's imprecise use of language in this document is as dangerous and harmful as the imprecision of the term "objective disorder" to refer to homosexual orientation. More and more bishops are requesting such language be retired by the church because it is misleading and causes negative effects. Yet, we see that style continues in this latest document.
As for the second criteria, Cameli acknowledges that the Vatican's phrase "deep-seated homosexual tendencies" is vague, but he offers four examples of men to whom it might apply:
- Men who consider "being gay" the central factor of their identity;
- Men who are obsessed or preoccupied with their homosexual identity;
- Men whose sexuality creates "a blockage in one's relational capacities," meaning that they can't relate to women well or that they relate to men too erotically;
- Men who have a pervasive "sense of inevitability about acting on homosexual inclinations."
However, I do not see how the term "deep-seated homosexual tendencies" can be interpreted to apply to the types of men that Cameli suggests it does. To most people, "deep-seated homosexual tendencies" would mean the presence of a homosexual orientation, plain and simple. It does not refer to problems with one's sexuality.
The cause for the mental and emotional reactions Cameli describes is not "deep-seated homosexual tendencies."
Instead, such behavior reflects certain men's lack of maturity in integrating their sexuality into their personality. These problems can exist in heterosexual priests, as well as homosexual priests. They are not the exclusive province of homosexuality.
This lack of precision in language raises a question: Why doesn't the Vatican use the term "homosexual orientation"? Why doesn't the Vatican state its concern with men whose sexuality is not maturely integrated into their personality, regardless of their orientation?
That would have made this document so much clearer.
If the Vatican did not want to ban gay men from the priesthood, why didn't they say so in clearer terms? What gay man reading this document will think that the Vatican welcomes him?
Instead, the Vatican used specifically vague and misleading language that is not understood by the rest of the world. That is the main fault with this document.
Cameli blames the media for too blunt an interpretation of this document.
I disagree.
The blame lies with Vatican officials who continue to use antiquated, uninformed language.
They should know better.
For more than 40 years, bishops, theologians, pastoral ministers and laypeople have been calling for church officials to use more accurate language about homosexuality.
If church leaders continue to use inaccurate language about homosexuality, the only thing that one can surmise from such behavior is that they do not understand the subject they are discussing or that they are content with promoting a negative evaluation of LGBT people.
Neither alternative is responsible.