In a statement, Mr Boland said they discussed the urgent need for poverty eradication, the safeguarding of democracy, and the inclusion of vulnerable groups across Europe.
"The European Union is one of the wealthiest regions in the world yet 21% of the population remains at risk of poverty and social exclusion," said the EESC President.
"We are grateful to Pope Leo for using his powerful voice to spread a message of inclusion and protecting the most marginalised. The EU must listen, and we must do better."
Mr Boland, a farmer from Ballycumber, Co Offaly, was elected the 35th president of the EESC in October last year.
The EESC is a consultative body within the EU, created in 1958 to give a platform to civil society, trade unions, employers and farming groups in shaping EU legislation.
The body assesses new EU laws from the viewpoints of its constituent parts and then advises the European Commission and the parliament on key aspects.
At the meeting today, Mr Boland said he highlighted the challenges faced by younger generations who he said have been shaped by the isolation of the Covid-19 pandemic and the pressures of social media.
"Homelessness, and the housing, cost of living and climate crises are very much felt and feared today, above all by the younger generations," said Mr Boland.
"Addressing these, tackling youth mental health and fostering their civic engagement are essential to healing, and we very much welcome Pope Leo's work in this space through the Mental Health Ministry."
On the topic of migrants and refugees, Mr Boland said he wholeheartedly agreed with Pope Leo's call for kindness toward foreign nationals and will continue to advocate for coordinated, humane policies that uphold dignity, inclusion and the rule of law.
The rise of artificial intelligence also featured in their discussion. Mr Boland emphasised that this must not come at the expense of workers' rights.
He said he shared a commitment with Pope Leo to ensuring that humans, not machines, remain in control of decisions that affect people's lives, and that AI serves as a tool for empowerment rather than displacement.
The meeting, according to Mr Boland, underscored the role of civil society organisations in building bridges within communities and combating prejudice and discrimination.
"Faith-based organisations, charities, community groups, and social partners are the fabric of our societies - knitting together individuals and communities and building bridges," said Mr Boland.
"The path forward is clear," he concluded. "If Europe chooses compassion, dignity, and inclusion, we will not only reduce poverty - we will renew hope, strengthen democracy, and build a fairer and better Europe for everyone."