Morerod will take office on 1 January, as the SBC announced on Wednesday.
Bishop Felix Gmür of Basel previously held this office.
Joseph Maria Bonnemain, Bishop of Chur, will assist Morerod as Vice-President from January.
Josef Stübi, auxiliary bishop of the diocese of Basel, was also elected to the presidency.
The Swiss Bishops' Conference is the coordinating body of the dioceses in Switzerland.
It currently has nine members: the bishops of Switzerland's six dioceses, their auxiliary bishops and the two abbots of the territorial abbeys of Saint-Maurice and Einsiedeln.