In a recent interview with the Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera,
the Vatican’s head official on doctrinal matters discussed the
importance of personal pastoral care for divorced-remarried persons in
the context of Church teaching.“We must try a combination of general principles and particular, personal situations — finding solutions to individual problems, though always on the foundation of Catholic doctrine,” Archbishop Gerhard Müller, prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, told Gian Guido Vecchi in an interview published Dec. 22.
“You cannot adjust the doctrine to the circumstances: The Church is not a political party that does surveys to look for consent. A true, pastoral dialogue is necessary. There are different situations, which are to be evaluated in different ways.”
The archbishop’s comments follow months of back-and-forth between himself and bishops from his native Germany, who have suggested that divorced and remarried Catholics could receive Communion under certain circumstances.
In November, Archbishop Müller wrote a letter to the emeritus archbishop of Freiburg, clarifying that “no pastoral directions are sanctioned which are in opposition to Church teaching,” and he had made the same point in an essay published in L’Osservatore Romano the preceding month.
In his Corriere della Sera interview, the archbishop explained, “The truth is that we cannot clarify these situations with a general statement. On those divorced and civily remarried, many think the Pope or a synod can say: Of course, receive Communion. But this is not possible.”
He added that this is because a “valid, sacramental marriage is indissoluble: This is the Catholic practice, reaffirmed by popes and councils, in fidelity to the words of Jesus. And the Church has not the authority to relativize the words and commandments of God.”
‘Obstacle to Receiving the Eucharist’
Archbishop Müller added that while the sacraments have a “medicinal aspect” and are not restricted to “the perfect,” an irregular marriage is an “objective obstacle to receiving the Eucharist.” This is “not a punishment,” and the bar on divorced and remarried persons receiving Communion does not keep them from attending Mass.
He affirmed that annulments can be granted, adding that, in many places, Christian tradition “has lost its meaning,” and there is a “total confusion” about who man is and what is his purpose and dignity.
The archbishop also discussed Church structures in the wake of Pope Francis’ Nov. 24 apostolic exhortation Evangelii Gaudium (The Joy of the Gospel), in which he discussed a “conversion of the papacy” and suggested that bishops’ conferences could be given a greater role, including “genuine doctrinal authority.”
He said the interpretation of “some” who believe the exhortation means the Pope “wishes to promote a certain autonomy of local Churches, a tendency to distance themselves from Rome,” “is not possible” and would be “the first step towards autocephaly.”
Archbishop Müller clarified that “the Catholic Church is composed of local Churches, but it is one. ‘National’ churches do not exist. … The presidents of bishops’ conferences, while important, are coordinators, nothing more, not vice popes!”
He emphasized that both the Holy Father and individual bishops are of “Divine right, instituted by Jesus Christ,” while patriarchates and bishops’ conferences are established by the Church, by man.”
“Each bishop has a direct and immediate relationship with the Pope. We cannot have a decentralization in the conferences, as there would be the peril of a new centralism: in which the president has all the information, and the bishops are submerged in documents.”
The archbishop added that Pope Francis’ statements in Evangelii Gaudium were in the context of Blessed John Paul II’s encyclical on ecumenism and that the Church must find a “practical equilibrium” between the errors of conciliarism or Gallicanism (civil authority over the Church) on the one hand and a certain curialism on the other.
Society of St. Pius X
The interview continued with a brief discussion of the Society of St. Pius X, which was founded by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre in 1970 to form priests, as a response to what he described as errors that had crept into the Church following the Second Vatican Council.
Its relations with the Holy See became strained in 1988, when Archbishop Lefebvre consecrated four bishops without the permission of Pope John Paul II.
The illicit episcopal ordinations resulted in the five being excommunicated, though, in 2009, Benedict XVI, acting through Cardinal Giovanni Re, remitted the automatic excommunication from the four surviving bishops.
After that time, doctrinal discussions between the society and Rome were conducted, until the discussions effectively broke down in 2012.
Asked about the position of the Society of St. Pius X, Archbishop Müller said that while “the canonical excommunication” was revoked, “the sacramental one remains, de facto, for the schism: because they have removed themselves from communion with the Church.”
“Having said that, we do not close the door, ever, and invite them to reconcile. But they also must change their approach, accepting the conditions of the Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff as the definitive criterion of belonging [to it].”
Liberation Theology
The final question posed to the archbishop by Corriere della Sera was about Pope Francis’ Sept. 11 meeting with Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the “founder” of liberation theology, whom the doctrine head said “has always been orthodox.”
Archbishop Müller and Father Gutierrez are friends, and, in conclusion, he said he had learned from Father Gutierrez “to broaden the horizons, to find an equilibrium,” and “to open up to a concrete experience: to see poverty and also the joy of the people.”