The morning after he signed legislation reopening the government and
averting a default, President Barack Obama listed three priorities for
Congress: passing the farm bill, reaching a budget deal, and enacting
comprehensive immigration reform.
Those three items have also been at
the top of the agenda for Catholics this year.
The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops has lobbied vigorously on all
three items.
In addition to the bishops, groups like Catholics in
Alliance for the Common Good have published articles on all three issues
in the past several months, but Catholics in Alliance's chairman, Fred
Rotondaro, is not optimistic that the post-shutdown political climate
will improve the chances of reaching agreement.
"Sadly, we know the president's agenda will be stalled," Rotondaro told NCR.
"Obama has the moral necessity to push these issues with the urgency
they deserve and responsible congressional Republicans need to take back
their party from the extreme right wing, which is destroying American
values."
Unfortunately, in their unrelenting opposition to the Obama
administration's contraception mandate, which is part of the women's
health provisions of the Affordable Care Act, the bishops have often
joined forces with the "extreme right wing."
The bishops might better be
able to advance their other agenda items if they reached the conclusion
other Catholic organizations, such as the Catholic Health Association,
have reached: They may not like the mandate, but they can live with it.
Of the three items, the farm bill is the strangest source of
controversy. Ever since Democrat Sen. George McGovern and Republican
Sen. Robert Dole joined forces in the 1970s to combine in one bill
legislation that governs subsidies to farmers with funding for food
stamps (now known as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or
SNAP), the farm bill has sailed through Congress. This year, Republicans
in the House demanded steep cuts in SNAP.
On June 17, the bishops' conference signed a joint letter with
Catholic Charities USA, Catholic Relief Services, the Society of St.
Vincent de Paul, and the National Catholic Rural Life Conference, urging
the House not to cut vital programs.
"We ask that you support a Farm Bill that provides for poor and
hungry people both at home and abroad, offers effective support for
those who grow our food, ensures fairness to family farmers and
ranchers, and promotes stewardship of the land," the letter stated. The
group also specifically asked that $20 billion in cuts to SNAP be
reinstated.
"Obviously the farm bill helps millions of poor households avoid
hunger," said Tom Mulloy, domestic policy adviser to the bishops'
conference. "But sequestration is already harming so many people. Here
in the U.S., it's affordable housing, job creation and training, and
education. Around the world it's access to lifesaving medicines and
safety for refugees."
The effort to cut SNAP funding is part of a broader narrative --
driven by the idea that the government spends too much -- that persists
even though the deficit is coming down and the number of government
employees is at historic lows. Sequestration, an across-the-board
reduction in spending, was originally conceived to be so draconian that
it would force both parties to reach a deal, but it has become the new
normal.
Senate Democrats have floated the idea that they will make
adjustments in entitlement programs in return for restoring some of the
sequester cuts. Both parties continue to debate the possibility of
overhauling the tax code, although Republican insistence that such an
overhaul be revenue-neutral makes progress unlikely.
"These budget and policy discussions include big numbers," Mulloy
said. "Millions and billions. Mind-boggling in some instances. How do we
wrap our heads around them? We can't, and what gets lost are the
people, the faces, the stories."
Alas, the stories of pain and suffering
on the part of the American people do not seem to capture the moral
imagination of the tea party conservatives who have effectively captured
control of the GOP-led House.
The bishops' conference also sent some confusing signals on the eve
of the government shutdown. One letter, signed by two committee chairmen
-- Boston Cardinal Sean O'Malley of the Committee on Pro-life
Activities, and Baltimore Archbishop William Lori of the Ad Hoc
Committee for Religious Liberty -- encouraged House Republicans to
attach legislation voiding the controversial contraception mandate to a
"must-pass" bill reopening the government.
Four days later, a different
letter, signed by three committee chairmen -- Bishop Stephen Blaire of
the Committee on Domestic Justice and Human Development, Bishop Richard
Pates of the Committee on International Justice and Peace, and
Archbishop José Gomez of the Committee on Migration -- urged Congress to
avert a shutdown, focusing on the harm it would cause, and leaving
unmentioned any non-budgetary issues like the contraceptive mandate.
"We urge wise bipartisan leadership and moral clarity in crafting a
plan to ensure the government continues to operate and meet its
responsibility to protect human life and dignity, care for poor and
vulnerable people at home and abroad, and advance the universal common
good," the bishops wrote.
The two letters illustrated a lack of coordination by the conference
leadership, and the competing priorities of different offices within the
organization.
Along with opposition to the contraceptive mandate, no issue has so
unified the bishops' conference in recent years as has immigration.
Gomez issued a statement June 28 commending "the U.S. Senate on the vote
[passing comprehensive immigration reform legislation] and for the
bi-partisan cooperation displayed during the legislative process.
I urge
the House of Representatives to follow the U.S. Senate's lead and pass a
comprehensive reform bill as soon as possible." Gomez noted his
committee's opposition to some aspects of the bill, but those concerns
were outweighed by the fact that, overall, the bill would be an
improvement.
"The status quo of our current system causes much suffering
among immigrants and their families and must end," Gomez said.
The Senate passed the reform bill by a lopsided vote of 68-32.
Evidently, not all Catholic bishops are willing to push congressional
Republicans on immigration reform. In a recent interview on the
conservative EWTN network, Rep. Tim Huelskamp, R-Kan., told Colleen
Carroll Campbell, "What I hear from the bishops that I visit with, it's
not a unanimous opinion there should be citizenship [for undocumented
workers]." Inquiring minds would like to know with which bishops
Huelskamp has been meeting.
Mulloy sees a deeper level to the policy debates. "I think this is
where Pope Francis can be so helpful," he said. "In words and action,
Pope Francis has celebrated encounter and dialogue. He meets with
everyone, talks to anyone. Those are important lessons for these policy
debates. How are we striving to encounter families that rely on SNAP and
understand their struggle? How are we striving to dialogue with
immigrant families? How are we constantly pushing to understand the
challenges that working poor families face, whose jobs pay so little
that they need help to make ends meet?
"We should always be trying to encounter and dialogue with people who
will bear the effects of these policy decisions," Mulloy said.