The Pope has sent a five page long letter to German bishops to clear up an age-old linguistic diatribe which arose from the liturgical reform prescribed by the Second Vatican Council and the translation of the Gospels into vernaculars.
The letter which was signed by Benedict XVI on 14 April and published today by the German Episcopal Conference refers to the translation – packed with theological implications – of the words Jesus pronounced during the Last Supper. His own sacrifice, which in Latin is referred to as “pro multis”, was translated in German as “fuer alle” (for all) and not more literally as “fuer viele” (for many).
Ahead of the publication, in German speaking countries, of the new translation of the hymn book (Gotteslob), the Pope, who has always paid utmost attention to liturgical questions and the correct interpretation of the Second Vatican Council, stressed that this translation “is an interpretation” that is coherent with “the principles that guided translations of the liturgical books into other modern languages.”
According to Ratzinger however, there is a limit to the translation’s interpretation of the Holy Scriptures and in some points this particular translation appears too “trivial”, leading to “significant losses in meaning.”
“Personally, it became increasingly clear to me that the use of the principal of a non literal but instead of a structural equivalence as a guideline, appeared to have its limits,” the Pope explained.
“Because I have to pray liturgical prayers in a number of languages, I sometimes find it hard to find a common link between the various translations and that the content of the original text is only decipherable from afar,” Benedict XVI went on to stress.
As usual, in his letter to the German bishops, the Pope also included potential objections interlocutors might have: “Did Christ not die for everyone? Has the Church changed its teaching? Is it able to do so and can it do so? Does this reaction aim to destroy the Council’s legacy? The answer is “no”.
Referring back to the Vatican Instruction “Liturgiam authenticam”, published in 200, the Pope explained that the faithfulness of “pro multis”, most of the contemporary liturgical texts of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, (in the Gospels of Luke and John, Jesus addresses disciples directly, telling them that his sacrifice is “for you”) links back to the faithfulness of the language used by Jesus in chapter 53 of the Book of Isaiah and cannot be modified arbitrarily.