St Martha (1st century) sister of Lazarus and Mary of Bethany
Martha is the patron saint of active, practical women, perhaps
unfairly contrasted with her more laid back and "contemplative" sister
Mary.
Both were sisters of Lazarus of Bethany. But Martha is also the
woman of faith, who said: "I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of
God, the one who was to come into the world" (Jn 11:27).
Patron of food professionals and home-makers
In
Aramaic the name Martha means "the lady, the mistress", the feminine
counterpart of "the master".
In the incident described by Luke 10:38-42,
Martha is introduced as the woman who "welcomed Jesus into her house".
So hospitality is her paramount virtue.
This probably accounts for her
cult as the patron saint of food professionals, butlers, hotel-keepers
and home-makers and why she is often depicted in art with a ladle, a
broom or a set of keys as her symbol.
Jesus's disconcerting reply a rebuke?
When Martha
asked Jesus if it didn't concern him that Mary was leaving her to do
the serving all by herself, Jesus's reply of praise Mary for having
"chosen the better part that would not be taken from her" must have
disconcerted her. It could even be interpreted as a rebuke.
But in the
Gospel of John, Martha appears in two incidents that puts her in a more
favourable light.
Practical woman of faith
When Lazarus had died
and was buried, it is Martha who goes out to meet Jesus when he was
coming to their house and accosts him (Jn 11:21-22): "If you had been
here my brother would not have died, but I know that even now whatever
you ask of God, he will grant you".
And when questioned by Jesus, she
shows she is a woman of faith: "I believe that you are the Christ, the
son of God, the one who was to come into this world."
And when Jesus
goes to the tomb and says to take away the stone, it is she who, ever
practical, objects: "Lord, by now he will smell, it is now the fourth
day."
At a meal held in Jesus honour
Martha appears
again in John 12:1-8, where she serves at a meal held in Jesus' honour
at which her brother is also a guest. During this meal Mary (no further
specification - can we presume it's again Martha's sister?) anointed
the feet of Jesus, wiping them with her hair.
This occasioned Judas's
question, "Why wasn't this ointment sold for 300 denarii and the money
given to the poor?" and Jesus's remark: "She had to keep this scent for
the day of my burial. You have the poor with you always, you will not
always have me." It is Martha who provides the context.
Did the three go as evangelisers to Provence?
According
to legend, after Jesus's death, Martha left Judea around AD 48, and
went to Provence with her sister Mary (conflated with Mary Magdalene)
and her brother Lazarus. They settled in and are said to have
evangelised the Provence area of southern France.
Among the legends
associated with Martha is the one associated with the town of
Tarascon-sur-Rhône.
A mythological monster, the Tarasque, said to have
lived in the town during the 1st century, was purportedly tamed by
Martha in 48 AD.
Villajoyosa, Spain
The town of Villajoyosa,
Spain, honours St. Martha as its patron saint and celebrates a Festival
of Moors and Christians annually in her honour.
The 250-year old
festival commemorates the attack on Villajoyosa by Berber pirates led by
Zalé-Arraez in 1538, when, according to legend, St. Martha came to the
rescue of the townsfolk by causing a flash flood which wiped out the
enemy fleet, thus preventing the pirates from reaching the coast.
Eastern tradition: Sunday of the Myrrhbearers
In
the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic traditions, Martha and her
sister Mary are commemorated collectively among the Myrrh-bearing Women
on the Sunday of the Myrrhbearers (the Third Sunday of Pascha/Easter).
She also figures in the commemorations of Lazarus Saturday (the day
before Palm Sunday).
This has a resonance in the Roman Lectionary when
the gospel of Lazarus is read on that day.
Martha's feast
In the Roman Catholic tradition, Martha's feast day is celebrated on 29th July.