Pope Francis remains in a critical condition
and hospitalised as he battles pneumonia in both lungs. The first pope
from the Americas and also the first to come from outside the west in
the modern era, the Argentinian was elected leader of the Catholic
church on 13 March 2013.
At the time, the church was beset by crises,
from corruption to clerical sexual abuse.
Stan Chu Ilo, a Catholic priest and a research professor of African
studies and world Catholicism, examines the milestones in the life, work
and legacy of Pope Francis.
What did Pope Francis inherit when he took over in 2013?
By the time the Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio was elected pope
in 2013 there was a general feeling that the Catholic church was
reaching the end of an era.
By the end of 2012 what was in the news about the church included the revelation of papal secrets
by the papal butler.
These details were published in a book by the
Italian journalist Gianluigi Nuzzi, titled His Holiness: The Secret
Files of Pope Benedict. The book portrayed the Vatican as a corrupt hotbed of jealousy, intrigue and underhanded factional fighting.
The revelations caused the church a great deal of embarrassment.
Some of the challenges facing the church which the ageing Pope Benedict XVI could no longer handle included:
mounting evidence of corruption in the Vatican Bank
multiple cases of clerical sexual abuse in many parts of the world
the confusion created in the English-speaking world with the translation of the New Roman missal into English.
Cardinal Bergoglio was elected by the Catholic cardinals with a
mandate to clean up the church and reform the Vatican and its
bureaucracy. He was to institute processes and procedures for
transparency, accountability and renewal of the church and its
structures, and address the lingering scandals of clerical abuse.
What is his global papal role and legacy?
Three key things have defined his papal role and legacy.
First is concentrating on the core competence of the church: serving
the poor and the marginalised. This is what the founder of the Christian
religion, Jesus Christ, did.
Francis has focused the Catholic church and the entire world on one
mission: helping the poor, addressing global inequalities, speaking for
the voiceless, and placing the attention of the world on those on the
periphery.
He also chose to live simply, forsaking the pomp and pageantry of the papacy.
Secondly, he changed the way the Catholic church’s message is communicated. In his programmatic document, Evangelii Gaudium,
he called the church to what he calls “missionary conversion”. His
thinking is that everything that is done in the church must be about
proclaiming the good news to a wounded and broken world.
His central message has been that of mercy towards all, an end to
wars, our common humanity and the closeness of God to those who suffer.
The suffering in the world continues to grow because of injustice,
greed, selfishness and pride.
He has also focused on symbols and simple
style to press home his message, like celebrating mass at a wall that divides the United States and Mexico.
In 2015 he made a risky trip to Bangui, the capital of Central
African Republic, during a time of war and tension between the fighting
factions of the Muslim Seleka and the Christian anti-balaka.
He drove on
the Popemobile with both the highest ranking Muslim cleric in the
country and his Christian counterpart and visited both a Christian
church and a mosque to press home the message of peace.
The third strategy is restructuring the church and reforming the Vatican bank.
He created the G8 (a representative council of cardinals from every
part of the world) to advise him, calling the Catholic church to a synod
for dialogue on every aspect of the life of the church. This effort was
unprecedented.
He also overhauled the procedures for the synod of bishops, making it
more participatory, and gave women and the non-ordained voting rights.
He has also shaken up the membership of the Vatican department that
picks bishops to include women.
He appointed
the first woman (Sr Simone Brambilla) to lead a major Vatican
department and to have a cardinal as her deputy. Another woman (Sr
Raffaella Petrini) was named the first woman governor of the Vatican City State.
What has he done to strengthen the Catholic church in Africa?
Three things stand out.
First, he reflected the concerns of people on the continent with his
message against imperialism, colonialism, exploitation of the poor by
the rich, global inequality, neo-liberal capitalism and ecological
injustice. Pope Francis became a voice for Africa. When he visited
Kenya in 2015, he chose to visit the slums of Nairobi to proclaim the
gospel of liberation to the forsaken of society. He called on African
governments to guarantee for the poor and all citizens access to land,
lodging and labour.
In a sense, Pope Francis embodies the message of decolonisation and
is driven in part by the liberation theology that developed in Latin
America. This theology tied religious faith with liberation of the
people from structures of injustice and structural violence.
Secondly, he has encouraged African Catholics to develop Africa’s own
unique approach to pastoral life and addressing social issues in
Africa. Particularly, Pope Francis believes in decentralisation and
local processes in meeting local challenges. He has said many times that
it is not necessary that all problems in the church be solved by the
pope at the Roman centre of the church.
In this way, he has encouraged the growth and development of African
priorities and cultural adaptation to the Catholic faith. He has also
encouraged greater transparency and accountability among African bishops
and given African Catholic universities and seminaries greater autonomy
to develop their own educational priorities and programmes.
Thirdly, Pope Francis has a very deep connection to Africa’s young people. He has encouraged and supported initiatives and programmes
to strengthen the agency of young people, to give them hope and support
their personal, spiritual and professional development. For the first
time in history, on 1 November 2022, Pope Francis met virtually with
more than 1,000 young Africans for an hour. I helped organise this
meeting. He answered their questions and encouraged them to fight for
what they believe.
What’s gone wrong, what’s gone well under his watch?
Pope Francis’s reform could be termed a movement from a church of a
few where priests and bishops and the pope call the shots to a church of
the people of God where everyone’s voice matters and where everyone’s
concerns and needs are catered to.
He has quietly changed the tone of the message and the style of the leadership at the Vatican.
Granted, he has not substantially altered the content of that
message, which is often seen as conservative, Eurocentric, and resistant
to cultural pluralism and social change. But he is chipping away at its
foundations through inclusion and an openness to hearing the voices of
everyone, including those who do not agree with the church’s position.
In doing this, he has shifted the priorities and practices of the
Catholic church regarding such core issues as power and authority.
He has opened the doors to the voices of the marginalised in the
church — women, the poor, the LGBTQi+ community, and those who have
disaffiliated from the church. Many African Catholics would love to see
more African representation at the Vatican, and many of them also worry
about the widening division in the church, particularly driven by
cultural and ideological battles in the west that have nothing to do
with the social and ecclesial context of Africa.
Why does his papacy matter?
Pope Francis is the first pope from the Americas, the first Jesuit
pope, the first to choose the name Francis and the first to come from
outside the west in the modern era. He chose the name Francis because he
wanted to focus his papacy on the poor, emulating St Francis of Assisi.
In a sense, Pope Francis has redefined what religion and spirituality
mean for Catholicism. It’s not laying down and enforcing the law
without mercy, it is caring for our neighbours and the Earth. This is
the kind of religion the world needs today.