After 10 years of Living in Love and Faith,
a book of nearly 500 pages, and untold hours of discussion, the Church
of England’s House of Bishops has taken blessings for same-sex couples
as far as possible without a stronger supporting majority in the
church’s General Synod.
Thus, the bishops have announced that Living in
Love and Faith discussions will conclude in February.
Another element at work is the bishops’ effort to find a path of
blessings for same-sex couples that are not similar to traditional
wedding rites.
Throughout the decade of Living in Love and Faith
discussions, bishops who support blessings have sought to persuade
conservatives, including Anglicans in other nations, that the church has
not changed its doctrine of marriage by blessing couples in same-sex
relationships.
This distinction was a frequent talking point for Archbishop Justin
Welby, who presented it as brave resistance to gay activists such as
Peter Tatchell. Archbishop Titus Chung of South East Asia has not been
persuaded. He called Living in Love and Faith “a departure and total
misalignment from what Scripture teaches regarding marriage and
sexuality. It is also a departure from traditional Anglican orthodoxy.”
The bishops address these factors in a nine-page statement
that they released online January 14. The statement, addressed to
“friends in Christ across the Church of England,” reads as a formal
letter with numbered paragraphs.
It begins on a note of humility. The bishops cite Paul’s letter to
the Church at Phillippi (Phil. 2:3-4), and they seek to echo his
language, especially the admonition to “regard others as better than
yourselves”: “We write as the House of Bishops, conscious of our own
shortcomings, seeking to regard others as better than ourselves, seeking
to look to the interests of all those served by our imperfect Church,
and to discern together the mind of Christ.”
The bishops offer a brief statement of the Christian gospel, but
quickly turn that summary into a case for broad sexual inclusivity:
“God’s invitation to know, love and follow him through Jesus Christ and
in the fellowship of the Holy Spirit extends to all people, in every
place and time, without exception, and thus including all those who are
LGBTQI+.”
Two paragraphs down, the bishops recognize that the Church of England
is in relationship to dozens of Anglican provinces that have developed
across the world and across nearly six centuries. They write of the
Church of England “bearing a unique set of responsibilities to the
Anglican Communion, a global fellowship of diverse, independent
provinces bound together by a common story, ways of being Church
together, and a shared sense of God’s mission; and in dialogue with
ecumenical partners both in the United Kingdom and across the world.”
The bishops offer a concise summary of three major perspectives on
same-sex blessings: vigorously in favor, undecided, and resolutely
opposed: “Some of us, after careful engagement with scripture and the
Christian tradition, are deeply convinced that such relationships can
rightly be understood as akin to marriage between persons of the
opposite sex. Others, even after long and thoughtful study, remain
uncertain. Still others, with equal depth of conviction and reflection,
believe that taking such a step runs counter to the message of scripture
and the Christian tradition.”
They then turn to a recurring theme of the document: that those in
same-sex and other relationships are in pain because of how the church
has treated them in the past and how it treats them now.
The bishops say at paragraph 14 that that “the time has now come
formally to conclude this Synodical process in February 2026 and to
identify the next stages of work which will need to be considered by the
House of Bishops and the General Synod in the coming years.”
They remind readers that congregations are free to use Prayers of Love and Faith as part of regular worship services, and they link to the permanent online archive of those prayers.
The bishops promise further study and possible actions in the future,
but warn: “With a high degree of consensus, the House has concluded
that the additional challenges posed by bespoke services will require
maximum communal authorisation through the Canon B2 process of
approval.”
“Maximum communal authorization” means reaching a two-thirds majority
in each of the three houses of General Synod. Such majorities do not
exist today.
At paragraph 24, the bishops write about current limits on gay
partners entering marriage: “Under guidance agreed by the House of
Bishops in 2014, clergy who have entered into same sex civil marriages
have received an informal rebuke. Such clergy have been able to continue
in their present beneficed or licensed roles but not permitted to
undertake new roles.”
Nevertheless, the way some bishops have interpreted these restrictions has not prevented warm welcomes for the Dean of Canterbury Cathedral and the Dean of Southwark Cathedral, both of whom live in same-sex civil partnerships.
Then the bishops add: “However, in the context of the doctrine of the
Church of England and in light of theological and legal advice, we
acknowledge that a more general permission for clergy to be in a same
sex civil marriage would require a formal legislative process. Following
February 2026, we will continue to reflect, in dialogue with the wider
church, on the advice received from FAOC and the Legal Office to explore
what such a process would involve. Until any such process is complete,
existing guidance from the House of Bishops will continue to apply.”
At paragraph 28, the bishops mention proposals for helping churches
that do not favor same-sex blessings, such as alternative episcopal
oversight, but they show a sudden concern for church order: “The wider
disruption to Anglican ecclesiology and mission would be very
significant and would, we believe, seriously jeopardise our calling as
bishops to be a focus for unity in the church as set out in the
ordinal.”
Far down in the document, at paragraph 39 (of 41), the bishops
mention their interest in other topics that would broaden the church’s
discussion radically: “The LLF process identified the need for ongoing
reflection on a number of questions of identity and sexuality which go
beyond consideration of permanent and stable same sex relationships.
These include questions of singleness; transgender identity; technology
and sexuality; and the wider sexualisation of society. These questions
remain for the Church and will be addressed through an ongoing process
of study, engagement and reflection, supported by the Working Group and
the Church of England’s Faith and Public Life team.”
As journalist Tim Wyatt observes, nearly all the bishops approved this statement, but liberal church members are distressed by its caution:
We’ve known that this was coming since
the bishops met in October and concluded that they’d run out of road.
But the statement, released on Wednesday, is the official agreed
position (it passed in a vote 35-1, with 4 abstentions) that the
hierarchy has adopted. …
So Living in Love and Faith, which
started way back in 2017, is finished. But only really as a brand-name.
LLF and the PLF may be done, but the church and its leadership are going
to move straight on to some “next stages of work” on the very same
issues. …
The five year term which began in 2021
will elapse after the July meeting of the synod, and every diocese will
elect new clergy and lay people to represent it. Right now, nobody, even
the most enthusiastic liberal, thinks starting a Canon B2 procedure to
try and introduce standalone gay blessings is worth it, as it needs a
two-thirds majority in each house of the synod which just does not
exist.
The depth of liberals’ dissatisfaction is clear in a statement issued by OneBody OneFaith:
We are particularly dismayed that the
bishops have once again refused to move on the two issues that matter
most to LGBT+ Christians: the celebration and blessing of same-sex
marriage and equal access to ordained ministry. Clergy in same sex
marriages remain barred from new appointments. Candidates for ordination
in same sex marriages remain excluded. Same sex couples remain unable
to marry in their parish churches.
Instead, the Church of England is offered
another working group, another two-year timetable, and another cycle of
uncertainty. For LGBT+ people, whose lives and relationships are not
theoretical, this is not pastoral care. It is institutional cruelty
dressed up as caution. …
We call on the House of Bishops to
recognise that leadership is not about managing disagreement
indefinitely. It is about naming injustice and ending it. The Church of
England now stands at a crossroads. It can continue to defer equality in
the name of unity, or it can choose the costly, liberating truth of the
Gospel. The examples of the Scottish Episcopal Church, the Church in
Wales as well as Quakers, United Reformed and Methodists among others
powerfully demonstrate that a different way is possible where there is
the courage to take it.
In short, this is the end of LLF discussions, but far from the end of
bishops, other clergy, and laity in the Church of England pushing
against the boundaries of traditional Christian teachings on sexual
behavior and marriage.