Aquino last month signed the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 quietly to avoid controversy.
The outcome has chipped away at the clout the church has held over Filipinos, and marked the passing of an era in which it was taboo to defy the church.
Catholic leaders consider the law an attack on the church's core values.
Aquino and his allies say it addresses how the poor manage the number of children they have and provide for them.