Alan Shatter said he was "appalled" to read the slogan "Every child matters except to Alan Shatter" and to see an "entirely inappropriate bloodied photograph" on the posters, which were put up in the Ballinteer area of south Co Dublin.
The posters were customised versions of Fine Gael's Children referendum posters, which carried the slogan "Every child matters".
The original image of a boy holding a teddy bear was covered over with a graphic image of a gloved hand holding the legs of an aborted foetus.
In a statement, Mr Shatter described the posters as "obscene and insensitive" and said those responsible were "apparently too cowardly to include their identity".
The posters have now been taken down by Dun Laoghaire Rathdown County Council.
"We were getting complaints from the public, and whoever erected them had no permission to do so," a council spokesperson said.
Anti-abortion groups Youth Defence and the Life Institute said they had no knowledge about the posters.
Mr Shatter condemned the "lack of humanity, insight and compassion" of those responsible, saying this was "starkly illustrated" by the positioning of the posters near to Wesley College and outside at least one creche.